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NET with traumatised offenders
Crombach, C., Elbert, T.(2015).
Controlling Offensive Behavior Using Narrative Exposure Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Former Street Children.
Clinical Psychological Science, 3(2), 270-282
Hecker, T., Hermenau, K., Crombach, A., & Elbert, T. (2015).
Treating traumatized offenders and veterans by means of narrative exposure therapy.
Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 80.
Hermenau K, Hecker T, Schaal S, Mädl A, Elbert T (2013).
Addressing posttraumatic stress and aggression by means of Narrative Exposure: a randomized controlled trial with Ex-Combatants in the Eastern DRC.
Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 22:8, 916-934.
Köbach, A., Schaal, S., Hecker, T., Elbert, T. (2015).
Psychotherapeutic Intervention in the Demobilization Process: Addressing Combat- related Mental Injuries with Narrative Exposure in a First and Second Dissemination Stage.
Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy.
Crombach, C., Elbert, T.(2015).
Controlling Offensive Behavior Using Narrative Exposure Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Former Street Children.
Clinical Psychological Science, 3(2), 270-282
Hecker, T., Hermenau, K., Crombach, A., & Elbert, T. (2015).
Treating traumatized offenders and veterans by means of narrative exposure therapy.
Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 80.
Hermenau K, Hecker T, Schaal S, Mädl A, Elbert T (2013).
Addressing posttraumatic stress and aggression by means of Narrative Exposure: a randomized controlled trial with Ex-Combatants in the Eastern DRC.
Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 22:8, 916-934.
Köbach, A., Schaal, S., Hecker, T., Elbert, T. (2015).
Psychotherapeutic Intervention in the Demobilization Process: Addressing Combat- related Mental Injuries with Narrative Exposure in a First and Second Dissemination Stage.
Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy.
Recent studies about NET
Ertl, V., Pfeiffer, A., Schauer, E., Elbert T, Neuner, F. (2011).
Community-implemented trauma therapy for former child soldiers in Northern Uganda: a randomized controlled trial.
JAMA, 306(5), 503-12.
Jacob, N., Neuner, F., Mädl, A., Schaal, S., & Elbert, T. (2014).
Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma-spectrum disorders in resource-poor countries: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda.
Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics.
Pabst, A., Schauer, M., Bernhardt, K., Ruf, M., Goder, R., Rosentraeger, R., Elbert, T., Aldenhoff, J. & Seeck-Hirschner, M. (2012).
Treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder and comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder using Narrative Exposure Therapy: a feasibility study.
Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 81, 61-63.
Robjant, K. & Fazel, M. (2010).
The emerging evidence for Narrative Exposure Therapy: a review.
Clin Psychol Reviews, 30, 8,1030-9.
Stenmark, H., Catani, C., Neuner, F., Elbert, T., & Holen, A. (2013).
Treating PTSD in refugees and asylum seekers within the general health care system. A randomized controlled multicenter study.
Behaviour research and therapy, Vol 51(10), 641-647.
Ertl, V., Pfeiffer, A., Schauer, E., Elbert T, Neuner, F. (2011).
Community-implemented trauma therapy for former child soldiers in Northern Uganda: a randomized controlled trial.
JAMA, 306(5), 503-12.
Jacob, N., Neuner, F., Mädl, A., Schaal, S., & Elbert, T. (2014).
Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma-spectrum disorders in resource-poor countries: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda.
Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics.
Pabst, A., Schauer, M., Bernhardt, K., Ruf, M., Goder, R., Rosentraeger, R., Elbert, T., Aldenhoff, J. & Seeck-Hirschner, M. (2012).
Treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder and comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder using Narrative Exposure Therapy: a feasibility study.
Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 81, 61-63.
Robjant, K. & Fazel, M. (2010).
The emerging evidence for Narrative Exposure Therapy: a review.
Clin Psychol Reviews, 30, 8,1030-9.
Stenmark, H., Catani, C., Neuner, F., Elbert, T., & Holen, A. (2013).
Treating PTSD in refugees and asylum seekers within the general health care system. A randomized controlled multicenter study.
Behaviour research and therapy, Vol 51(10), 641-647.
Aid for refugees at Lesbos
Two vivo members from Norway, Merethe Hellen and Hakon Stenmark, took part in a mission to the greek island Lesbos to investigate the conditions of refugees arriving at the island. Whilst larger aid agencies provided help in the refugee camps in the largest city, Mytilini, there was no support for the arriving refugees on the rest of the island.
Two vivo members from Norway, Merethe Hellen and Hakon Stenmark, took part in a mission to the greek island Lesbos to investigate the conditions of refugees arriving at the island. Whilst larger aid agencies provided help in the refugee camps in the largest city, Mytilini, there was no support for the arriving refugees on the rest of the island.
vivo starts in the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire
In 2015 vivo international started working in Côte d’Ivoire. After years of heavy political crisis most people in the country enjoy once more a relatively calm life. But – as in so many countries around the globe – sexual violence against children and women continues to be rampant. The NGO SOS Violence Sexuelle supports victims of this violence in one of Abidjan’s most diadvantaged districts. vivo international has greatly enhanced the expertise of SOS’s highly motivated employees by conducting a training for several weeks.
Lesen Sie weiter: vivo starts in the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire
In 2015 vivo international started working in Côte d’Ivoire. After years of heavy political crisis most people in the country enjoy once more a relatively calm life. But – as in so many countries around the globe – sexual violence against children and women continues to be rampant. The NGO SOS Violence Sexuelle supports victims of this violence in one of Abidjan’s most diadvantaged districts. vivo international has greatly enhanced the expertise of SOS’s highly motivated employees by conducting a training for several weeks.
Continue reading: vivo starts in the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire
Mental health and research in conflict settings
Ertl, V., Pfeiffer, A., Saile, R., Schauer, E., Elbert, T., Neuner, F. (2010).
Validation of a mental health assessment in an African conflict population.
Psychol Assessment 22(2), 318-24.
Neuner, F. (2010).
Assisting war-torn populations – Should we prioritize reducing daily stressors to improve mental health? Comment on Miller and Rasmussen (2010).
Soc Sci Med.
Neuner, F., Elbert, T. (2007).
The mental health in conflict settings: Can scientific research help?
BMC Public Health, 7:275.
Ertl, V., Pfeiffer, A., Saile, R., Schauer, E., Elbert, T., Neuner, F. (2010).
Validation of a mental health assessment in an African conflict population.
Psychol Assessment 22(2), 318-24.
Neuner, F. (2010).
Assisting war-torn populations – Should we prioritize reducing daily stressors to improve mental health? Comment on Miller and Rasmussen (2010).
Soc Sci Med.
Neuner, F., Elbert, T. (2007).
The mental health in conflict settings: Can scientific research help?
BMC Public Health, 7:275.
Research on traumatic stress and asylum seekers
Neuner, F., Kurreck, S., Ruf, M., Odenwald, M., Elbert, T., Schauer, M.(2010).
Can asylum-seekers with posttraumatic stress disorder be successfully treated? A randomized controlled pilot study.
Cogn Behav Ther, 39(2), 81-91.
Ruf, M., Schauer, M., Neuner, F., Catani, C., Schauer, E., Elbert, T.(2010).
Narrative exposure therapy for 7- to 16-year-olds: A randomized controlled trial with traumatized refugee children.
Journal of Traumatic Stress.
Neuner, F., Kurreck, S., Ruf, M., Odenwald, M., Elbert, T., Schauer, M.(2010).
Can asylum-seekers with posttraumatic stress disorder be successfully treated? A randomized controlled pilot study.
Cogn Behav Ther, 39(2), 81-91.
Ruf, M., Schauer, M., Neuner, F., Catani, C., Schauer, E., Elbert, T.(2010).
Narrative exposure therapy for 7- to 16-year-olds: A randomized controlled trial with traumatized refugee children.
Journal of Traumatic Stress.
Post-traumatic stress in children from Sri Lanka and Afghanistan
Catani, C. , Gewirtz, A., Wieling, E., Schauer, E., Elbert, T., Neuner, F. (2010).
Tsunami, war, and cumulative risk in the life of Sri Lankan school children.
Child Development, 81(4), 1176-91.
Catani, C. , Kohiladevy, M., Ruf, M., Schauer, E., Elbert, T. & Neuner, F.(2009).
Treating children traumatized by war and Tsunami: A comparison between exposure therapy and meditation-relaxation in North-East Sri Lanka.
BMC Psychiatry, 9:22.
Catani, C. , Schauer, E., Elbert, T., Missmahl, I., Bette, J.-P., Neuner, F. (2009).
War trauma, child labor and family violence: Life adversities and PTSD in a sample of school children in Kabul.
Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22(3), 163-171.
Catani, C. , Jacob N., Schauer, E., Kohila, M., Neuner, F.(2008).
Family violence, war, and natural disasters: Effect of extreme stress on children’s mental health in Sri Lanka.
BMC Psychiatry, 8:33.
Catani, C., Schauer, E., & Neuner, F. (2008). Beyond individual war trauma: domestic violence against children in Afghanistan and Sri Lanka.
J Marital Fam Ther, 34(2), 165-176.
Elbert, T., Schauer, M., Schauer, E., Huschka, B., Hirth, M., Neuner, F. (2009).
Trauma-related impairment in children – a survey in Sri Lankan provinces affected by armed conflict.
Child Abuse and Neglect, 33, 238-246.
Neuner, F., Schauer, E., Catani, C., Ruf, M. & Elbert, T. (2006).
Post-tsunami Stress: A Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children living in three severely Affected Regions in Sri Lanka.
Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19(3), 339-347.
Catani, C. , Gewirtz, A., Wieling, E., Schauer, E., Elbert, T., Neuner, F. (2010).
Tsunami, war, and cumulative risk in the life of Sri Lankan school children.
Child Development, 81(4), 1176-91.
Catani, C. , Kohiladevy, M., Ruf, M., Schauer, E., Elbert, T. & Neuner, F.(2009).
Treating children traumatized by war and Tsunami: A comparison between exposure therapy and meditation-relaxation in North-East Sri Lanka.
BMC Psychiatry, 9:22.
Catani, C. , Schauer, E., Elbert, T., Missmahl, I., Bette, J.-P., Neuner, F. (2009).
War trauma, child labor and family violence: Life adversities and PTSD in a sample of school children in Kabul.
Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22(3), 163-171.
Catani, C. , Jacob N., Schauer, E., Kohila, M., Neuner, F.(2008).
Family violence, war, and natural disasters: Effect of extreme stress on children’s mental health in Sri Lanka.
BMC Psychiatry, 8:33.
Catani, C., Schauer, E., & Neuner, F. (2008). Beyond individual war trauma: domestic violence against children in Afghanistan and Sri Lanka.
J Marital Fam Ther, 34(2), 165-176.
Elbert, T., Schauer, M., Schauer, E., Huschka, B., Hirth, M., Neuner, F. (2009).
Trauma-related impairment in children – a survey in Sri Lankan provinces affected by armed conflict.
Child Abuse and Neglect, 33, 238-246.
Neuner, F., Schauer, E., Catani, C., Ruf, M. & Elbert, T. (2006).
Post-tsunami Stress: A Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children living in three severely Affected Regions in Sri Lanka.
Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19(3), 339-347.
Articles on vivo’s work in Rwanda
Schaal, S., Elbert, T. & Neuner, F. (2009).
Prolonged grief disorder and depression in widows due to the Rwandan genocide.
Omega, 59(3), 203-219.
Schaal, S., Elbert, T., & Neuner, F. (2009).
Narrative Exposure Therapy versus interpersonal psychotherapy. A pilot randomized controlled trial with Rwandan genocide orphans.
Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics.
Schaal, S. & Elbert, T. (2006).
Ten Years after the Genocide: Trauma Confrontation and Posttraumatic Stress in Rwandan Adolescents.
Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19(1), 95-105.
Schaal, S., Elbert, T. & Neuner, F. (2009).
Prolonged grief disorder and depression in widows due to the Rwandan genocide.
Omega, 59(3), 203-219.
Schaal, S., Elbert, T., & Neuner, F. (2009).
Narrative Exposure Therapy versus interpersonal psychotherapy. A pilot randomized controlled trial with Rwandan genocide orphans.
Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics.
Schaal, S. & Elbert, T. (2006).
Ten Years after the Genocide: Trauma Confrontation and Posttraumatic Stress in Rwandan Adolescents.
Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19(1), 95-105.
Findings on substance abuse
Odenwald, M., Hinkel, H., Schauer, E., Schauer, M., Elbert, T., Neuner, F. & Rockstroh, B. (2009).
Use of khat and posttraumatic stress disorder as risk factors for psychotic symptoms: a study of Somali combatants.
Social Science and Medicine, 69, 1040-1048.Odenwald, M., Hinkel, H. & Schauer, E. (2007).
Challenges for a future reintegration programme in Somalia: outcomes of an assessment on drug abuse, psychological distress and preferences for reintegration assistance.
Intervention, 5(2), 124-129.
Odenwald, M., Hinkel, H., Schauer, E., Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Elbert, T. & Rockstroh, B. (2007).
The Consumption of Khat and Other Drugs in Somali Combatants: A Cross-Sectional Study.
PLoS Med, 4(12): e341.
Odenwald, M., Lingenfelder, B. & Peschel, W. (2008).
Psychotic disorder, khat abuse and aggressive behavior: a case report in Somalia.
African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies, Vol. 7(1), 59-63.
Odenwald, M., Lingenfelder, B., Schauer, M., Neuner, F., Rockstroh, B., Hinkel, H., Elbert, T. (2007). Screening for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Somali ex-combatants: A validation study.
BMC Conflict and Health, 1:10.
Odenwald, M., Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Elbert, T., Catani, C., Lingenfelder, B., Hinkel, H., Häfner, H., Rockstroh, B. (2005).
Khat use as risk factor for psychotic disorders: A cross-sectional and case-control study in Somalia.
BMC Med, 3(1):5.
Odenwald, M., Hinkel, H., Schauer, E., Schauer, M., Elbert, T., Neuner, F. & Rockstroh, B. (2009).
Use of khat and posttraumatic stress disorder as risk factors for psychotic symptoms: a study of Somali combatants.
Social Science and Medicine, 69, 1040-1048.Odenwald, M., Hinkel, H. & Schauer, E. (2007).
Challenges for a future reintegration programme in Somalia: outcomes of an assessment on drug abuse, psychological distress and preferences for reintegration assistance.
Intervention, 5(2), 124-129.
Odenwald, M., Hinkel, H., Schauer, E., Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Elbert, T. & Rockstroh, B. (2007).
The Consumption of Khat and Other Drugs in Somali Combatants: A Cross-Sectional Study.
PLoS Med, 4(12): e341.
Odenwald, M., Lingenfelder, B. & Peschel, W. (2008).
Psychotic disorder, khat abuse and aggressive behavior: a case report in Somalia.
African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies, Vol. 7(1), 59-63.
Odenwald, M., Lingenfelder, B., Schauer, M., Neuner, F., Rockstroh, B., Hinkel, H., Elbert, T. (2007). Screening for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Somali ex-combatants: A validation study.
BMC Conflict and Health, 1:10.
Odenwald, M., Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Elbert, T., Catani, C., Lingenfelder, B., Hinkel, H., Häfner, H., Rockstroh, B. (2005).
Khat use as risk factor for psychotic disorders: A cross-sectional and case-control study in Somalia.
BMC Med, 3(1):5.
Further articles on NET
Bichescu, D., Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Elbert, T. (2007).
Narrative Exposure therapy of political imprisonment-related chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and depression.
Behaviour Research and Therapy , 45(9), 2212-20.
Neuner, F., Catani, C., Ruf, M., Schauer, E., Schauer, M. & Elbert, T. (2008).
Narrative Exposure Therapy for the treatment of child and adolescent war victims: From neurobiology to field intervention.
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 17, 641-664.
Neuner, F., Onyut, P., Ertl. V., Schauer, E., Odenwald, M. & Elbert, T. (2008).
Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder by trained lay counsellors in an African refugee settlement – a randomized controlled trial.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 686-694.
Onyut, P.L., Neuner F., Schauer E., Ertl V., Odenwald, M., Schauer, M., Elbert T. (2005).
Narrative Exposure Therapy as a treatment for child war survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder: Two case reports and a pilot study in an African refugee settlement.
BMC Psychiatry, 5:7.
Bichescu, D., Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Elbert, T. (2007).
Narrative Exposure therapy of political imprisonment-related chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and depression.
Behaviour Research and Therapy , 45(9), 2212-20.
Neuner, F., Catani, C., Ruf, M., Schauer, E., Schauer, M. & Elbert, T. (2008).
Narrative Exposure Therapy for the treatment of child and adolescent war victims: From neurobiology to field intervention.
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 17, 641-664.
Neuner, F., Onyut, P., Ertl. V., Schauer, E., Odenwald, M. & Elbert, T. (2008).
Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder by trained lay counsellors in an African refugee settlement – a randomized controlled trial.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 686-694.
Onyut, P.L., Neuner F., Schauer E., Ertl V., Odenwald, M., Schauer, M., Elbert T. (2005).
Narrative Exposure Therapy as a treatment for child war survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder: Two case reports and a pilot study in an African refugee settlement.
BMC Psychiatry, 5:7.
Findings on post-traumatic stress
Elbert T., Schauer, M. (2002).
Psychological trauma: Burnt into memory.
Nature, 419, 883.
Karunakara, U., Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Singh, K., Hill, K., Elbert, T., Burnham G. (2004).
Traumatic Events and Symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder amongst Sudanese nationals, refugees and Ugandan nationals in the West Nile.
African Health Sciences, 4(2), 83-93.
Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Karunakara, U., Klaschik, C., Robert C., Elbert, T. (2004).
Psychological trauma and evidence for enhanced vulnerability for PTSD through previous trauma in West Nile refugees.
BMC Psychiatry, 4: 34.
Onyut, P.L., Neuner F., Schauer E., Ertl V., Odenwald, M., Schauer, M., Elbert T. (2004).
The Nakivale Camp Mental Health Project: Building local competency for psychological assistance to traumatised refugees.
Intervention,2 (2), 90-107.
Elbert T., Schauer, M. (2002).
Psychological trauma: Burnt into memory.
Nature, 419, 883.
Karunakara, U., Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Singh, K., Hill, K., Elbert, T., Burnham G. (2004).
Traumatic Events and Symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder amongst Sudanese nationals, refugees and Ugandan nationals in the West Nile.
African Health Sciences, 4(2), 83-93.
Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Karunakara, U., Klaschik, C., Robert C., Elbert, T. (2004).
Psychological trauma and evidence for enhanced vulnerability for PTSD through previous trauma in West Nile refugees.
BMC Psychiatry, 4: 34.
Onyut, P.L., Neuner F., Schauer E., Ertl V., Odenwald, M., Schauer, M., Elbert T. (2004).
The Nakivale Camp Mental Health Project: Building local competency for psychological assistance to traumatised refugees.
Intervention,2 (2), 90-107.
Articles about the beginnings of NET
Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Karunakara, U., Klaschik, C., & Elbert, T. (2004).
A Comparison of Narrative Exposure Therapy, Supportive Counseling and Psychoeducation for Treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in an African Refugee Settlement.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(4), 579-587.
Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Elbert, T., & Roth, W. T. (2002).
A Narrative Exposure Treatment as intervention in a Macedonia’s refugee camp: a case report.
Journal of Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 30, 205-209.
Neuner, F., Schauer, M., & Elbert, T. (2001).
Testimony-Therapie als Psychotherapie für Überlebende staatlicher Gewalt (translation of title: ‘testimony-therapy for survivors of state-supported violence’).
Zeitschrift für Politische Psychologie, 9, 585-600
Schauer, E., Neuner, F., Elbert, T., Ertl, V., Onyut., Odenwald, M., and Schauer M. (2004).
Narrative Exposure Therapy in Children: A Case Study.
Intervention, 2(1), 18-32.
Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Karunakara, U., Klaschik, C., & Elbert, T. (2004).
A Comparison of Narrative Exposure Therapy, Supportive Counseling and Psychoeducation for Treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in an African Refugee Settlement.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(4), 579-587.
Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Elbert, T., & Roth, W. T. (2002).
A Narrative Exposure Treatment as intervention in a Macedonia’s refugee camp: a case report.
Journal of Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 30, 205-209.
Neuner, F., Schauer, M., & Elbert, T. (2001).
Testimony-Therapie als Psychotherapie für Überlebende staatlicher Gewalt (translation of title: ‘testimony-therapy for survivors of state-supported violence’).
Zeitschrift für Politische Psychologie, 9, 585-600
Schauer, E., Neuner, F., Elbert, T., Ertl, V., Onyut., Odenwald, M., and Schauer M. (2004).
Narrative Exposure Therapy in Children: A Case Study.
Intervention, 2(1), 18-32.
Life after the catastrophe
vivo international offers psychological support and trauma therapy to victims of a flood disaster in Bujumbura, Burundi.
vivo international offers psychological support and trauma therapy to victims of a flood disaster in Bujumbura, Burundi.
A new school counsellor
After two years of excellent work our school psychologist Getrude left us for further studies. Her work at the school strenghtened her interest in the work with children and she wants to deepen this interest in master studies. But before she departed, she supported her replacement with her start at the school. The psychological work is going to be continued by Hilder Humphrey, who studied counseling psychology.Sadly, we say good-bye to Getrude and happily, we welcome Hilder!
After two years of excellent work our school psychologist Getrude left us for further studies. Her work at the school strenghtened her interest in the work with children and she wants to deepen this interest in master studies. But before she departed, she supported her replacement with her start at the school. The psychological work is going to be continued by Hilder Humphrey, who studied counseling psychology.Sadly, we say good-bye to Getrude and happily, we welcome Hilder!
A psychosocial consultant in Southern Sudan
During October and November 2010, vivo member Nina Winkler worked on behalf of Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC) and the Southern Sudan Disarmament, Demobilisation & Reintegration Commission (SSDDRC) as a psychosocial consultant in Southern Sudan. During the consultancy, she assessed the mental health status and psychosocial needs of ex-combatants. Findings of the assessment were presented at the conference “The Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration in Southern Sudan – Lessons and Challenges ahead of the Referendum” held in Juba between 14th and 16 th November 2010.
During October and November 2010, vivo member Nina Winkler worked on behalf of Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC) and the Southern Sudan Disarmament, Demobilisation & Reintegration Commission (SSDDRC) as a psychosocial consultant in Southern Sudan. During the consultancy, she assessed the mental health status and psychosocial needs of ex-combatants. Findings of the assessment were presented at the conference “The Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration in Southern Sudan – Lessons and Challenges ahead of the Referendum” held in Juba between 14th and 16 th November 2010.